the british scientist stephen hawking says: ignorance is not the greatest enemy of knowledge, but rather the enemy lies in the “illusion of knowledge”!
the above statement is true of a number of those who appear constantly on satellite channels to delight the ears of simple people with the absurdity of their expectations and analyses, which are filled with lies that often deceive their followers who are dazzled by their scientific titles, sometimes fake!
i am quoting dr. muhammad al hashmi''s article on the middle east transparent website with some editing.
he said: when a person possesses superficial and meager information, he often tends to exaggerate his cognitive abilities, and this is called the “dunning-kruger” effect, or the cognitive bias of the unqualified.
in april 1995, the american “macarthur wheeler” robbed two banks in pittsburgh, pennsylvania, and in both cases, he did not wear a mask to hide his features, but was smiling and waving at the surveillance cameras, indifferent to revealing his identity.
the arrest warrant did not take long, and it turned out that he was under the false impression that he could hide his features by simply smearing his face with lemon juice because he believed that it works like secret or invisible ink, and is capable of making his features or his entire head invisible.
his confidence in his information prompted him even to calm down and reassure the female employee at the bank and ask her not to be afraid to look at him, as he is a real person and has a face like any other, even if she does not see him.
wheeler was amazed when he saw his image on the screen when he was interrogated, after his arrest, as he stared at the video clips in disbelief as he said: i washed my face with lemon juice in a good way, and i actually succeeded in hiding it.
wheeler’s belief in the strong effect of lemon juice caught the attention of psychology professor david dunning from cornell university, and he sought the help of justin kruger, one of his distinguished students, to help him conduct a series of studies and field experiments on large sectors of people in several american cities, to try to find a relationship between intellectual competence and self-confidence, and they reached shocking results!
what they found, over and over again, through separate samples of people, especially those who have very little knowledge, in general, is that they tend to claim and believe that they are experts in many subjects, and understand a lot, so the researchers called the phenomenon their names, “the dunning-kruger effect.” in short, it means; the least knowledgeable people think they are the most knowledgeable and understanding!
therefore, when you see a person arguing with a doctor or a scientist specializing in his field, whether about the importance of corona vaccines, or his belief that aids is just a hoax, that the shape of the earth is a lie, and that america is the one that activates earthquakes, and is behind many natural disasters, or the belief in the occurrence of war a third global event in a specific month, as previously predicted by abu zarafa, and the collapse of the gulf cooperation council (gcc) system in 2020, as previously predicted by “shayef keif”.
at that time, we must remember that these people actually believe that they know a lot, but their knowledge is actually less than that and this pushes them to claim knowledge, and even brag about it.
these are not insane, but they suffer from the “dunning-kruger effect”, which is a disease that affects the collective mind of the sufferer, and makes his sound opinions confined to a very narrow circle of information.